Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay

1. The definition of an pagan group is a group of people of the same race or nationality that sh atomic number 18 the same heathen norms and values. 2. Three ways in which the nurture system may encourage separation surrounded by children of polar ethnic backgrounds are Labelling and teacher racism, many teachers label their students and studies by interactionist sociologists found come out that many teachers labelled scorch children as disruptive and they didnt lack them in their grade. A nonher reason is the ethnocentric curriculum.Troyna and Williams describe the curriculum in British schools as ethnocentric because it gives priority to clean-living culture and the position lyric this causes separation between white pupils and other ethnic pupils. A final reason is the selection and segregation available to schools. David Gillborn solicits that marketization has given schools great scope to select pupils. This puts some(a) ethnic nonage pupils at a disadvantage be cause selection gives more scope for negative stereotypes to influence decisions nearly school admissions.3. There are many ways in which factors in childrens home background may lead to differences in attainment levels between ethnic groups. The first way is cultural wish this is class into 3 facial expressions. The first is mental and linguistic skills. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many children from misfortunate-income nasty families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching begins. Bereiter and Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income black Ameri earth-closet families as inadequate for educational success.The next aspect is attitudes and values. Cultural deprivation theorists say that some black children are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic live for play up attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success. The final aspect of cultural deprivation is family structure and parental support. Dani el Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate solicitude because she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner. similarly Ken Pryce claims that Asians are higher achievers because their cukture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. However, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less glutinous and less resistant to racism. As a result, many balck pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Another reason is Material deprivation and class. According to Flaherty Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are over three times more seeming than whites to be in the poorest fifth of the population, as a result statistics suggest that Pakistani and Bangladeshi boys are among the lowest ethnic groups in the landed estate to obtain 5 A-C GCSEs.A final reason is racism in wider society. David Mason says discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the exper ience of Britains citizens of minority ethnic origin. 4. The differences in educational attainment between different groups of pupils have been a major focus of much sociological research. These differences can often be seen to be largely due to different social class, exclusively excessively sexuality or ethnicity. Social class is the most significant and dominant factor when looking at these differences, but ethnicity also has a relative impact on educational acquirementEducation has a key role to play in eradicating racism and valuing diversity and it a responsibility for all educational establishments, including those with few or no ethnic minority pupils. Promoting racial equality demands a undivided school approach and commitment from all those who are involved in the life and work of their school. Racism is linked to the educational achievement of minority ethnic groups, however the connections are complex.Gilborn and Mirza conclude that social class and gender differenc es are also associated with differences in attainment but neither can account for persistent underlying ethnic inequalities comparing like with like, African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils do not enjoy equal opportunities. They also argue that in promoting educational inclusion as a actor of raising precedents, there is a need for clarity and guidance in translating the commitment to equality and inclusion into policy proposals and practice at the topical anesthetic and school level.Many cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of under-achievement. Gordon Bowker identifies their lack of standard English as a major barrier to progress in education and integration into wider society. However the Swann Report found that language was not a major factor in under-achievement. Other cultural deprivation theorists suc as Charles Murray argue that a high rate of lone blood line and a lack of positive male role model s lead to the under-achievement of some minorities.Also Anthony Flew believes that ethnic differences in achievement stem from cultural differences out-of-door the education system, not discrimination within it. However Geoffrey device driver criticises the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family, far from creation dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong independent wome Driver argues this is why black girls tend to be more successful in education than black boys.Some socilogists that the ethnic differences in education are cause by racism. John Rex shows how racial discrimination leads to social projection and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. In housing, for instance, discrimination factor that minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard acoomodation than white people of the same class. This creates separation due to the ethn ic children not being able to study at home and therefore getting glower grades than the white children who are able to study at home.