Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical Essays

Manic Depressive TreatmentsIntroduction lithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Since then, atomic number 3 has experience a highly utilized medication for manic depression. interpersonal chemistry of lithium and Route of AccessName lithiumGroup progeny 1Symbol LiGroup name Alkali coatnuclear weight 6.941 (2) g m rPeriod tot 2CAS Registry ID 7439-93-2Block s-blockStandard state solid at 293 KColor silvery white/grayClassification tinny lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a iodin valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called al-Qaeda metals. atomic number 3 is a solid only about half as duncical as water supply. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, exclusively tarnishes in a minute or so in telephone line to give a gray surface.Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with atomic number 13 and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also used in batteries, close to greases, some glasses, and in medicine.Lithium would not normally be made in the research lab as it is so readily available technically. All syntheses select an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the badly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most important commercial ore containing lithium. The a make is first converted into the softer b form by heat up to around 1100C. This is mixed carefully with hot sulphuric irate and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3.Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid)Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. New York The Guilford Press.Kalat, James W. (2004). biologic Psychology. Canada Wadsworth.Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). last Manic Depression. New Yo rk Basic Books.Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California Sage Publications.Lithiums personal effects on Bipolar Disease. Retrieved attest 5, 2005. From http//sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.htmlOpresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved March 3, 2005. From http//risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml.Winter, localise (1993-2003). Chemistry WebElements Periodic Table Professional Edition Lithium see Information. Retrieved February 28, 2005. From http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html. Manic Depressive Treatments Essay -- Psychology Lithium Medical EssaysManic Depressive TreatmentsIntroductionLithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of Lithium and Route of AccessName LithiumGroup number 1Symbol LiGroup name Alkali metalAtomic weight 6.941 (2) g m rPeriod number 2CAS Registry ID 7439-93-2Block s-blockStandard state solid at 293 KColor silvery white/grayClassification MetallicLithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called alkali metals. Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a gray surface.Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for lightweight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine.Lithium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is so readily available commercially. All syntheses require an electrolytic step as it is so difficult to add an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion Li+. The ore spodumene, LiAl(SiO3)2, is the most important commercial ore containing lithium. The a form is first converted into the softer b form by heating to around 1100C. This is mixed carefully with hot sulphuric acid and extracted into water to form lithium sulphate, Li2SO4, solution. The sulphate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to form a precipitate of the relatively insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3.Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 + Li2CO3 (solid)Reaction of lithium carbonate wi... ...y, Robert L. (Eds.) (2004). Psychology Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. New York The Guilford Press.Kalat, James W. (2004). Biological Psychology. Canada Wadsworth.Knable, Michael B. and Torrey E. Fuller. (2002). Surviving Manic Depression. New York Basic Books.Leavitt, Fred. (1995). Drugs and Behavior. California Sage Publications.Lithiums Effects on Bipolar Disease. Retrieved March 5, 2005. From http//sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_422.htmlOpresko, Dennis M. (May 1995). Toxicity Summary for Lithium. Retrieved March 3, 2005. From http//risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/lith.shtml.Winter, Mark (1993-2003). Chemistry WebElements Periodic T able Professional Edition Lithium Key Information. Retrieved February 28, 2005. From http//www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/key.html.